The Absheron peninsula is kind of the birthplace of the by now global oil drilling craze – at least it was the first place where this reached massive (early) industrial proportions. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was the No. 1 oil production place on Earth, supplying nearly half the world's oil.
Yanar Dag fire mountain is a non-religious site of much more recent origin – but still a testament of the spontaneous gas fires that these lands can emit straight from the ground, as already observed and reported by Marco Polo when he traveled through what is today Azerbaijan (the 'land of fire').
We will pick you up from your hotel and start heading to the ancient Zoroastrian Temple Ateshgah which is considered as an authentic Azerbaijani exotic site to visit. It is located approximately 30 km from the center of Baku in the suburb of Surakhany. During that period, you will learn a lot about the temple from your guide, particularly, more about a unique natural phenomenon as burning natural gas outlets. The history of Atashgah goes back to the time of the Sassanids when Zoroastrianism was the main religion in this region. During The Arab caliphate invasion, some of the fire-worshipers did not accept Islam and were eventually forced to return to India, where the history of the fire religion continued.
In the second part of the visit, after visiting the temple you will directly go to the Yanar Dag which is not far from Surakhani temple. It is the most famous and popular tourist site of the “eternal flame” in Azerbaijan. Actually, it is rather a hill than a mountain, with natural gas burning on its slope from ancient times. According to local people, Yanar Dag flame was only noted when accidentally lit by a shepherd. There is no seepage of mud or liquid, which distinguishes it from the nearby mud volcanoes. Only a handful of fire mountains exist today in the world, and most are located in Azerbaijan.
Today you also visit a few of Absheron Castles. Mardakan Castle: It is an ancient fortress within the Mardakan settlement of the Baku area. The tower was built and made in the four-cornered shape, in the middle of the XIV century by Shirvanshah Akhsitan son of Shirvanshah Manuchohr. Mardakan Tower was created for honoring the bright victory of Akhsitan against the enemies. Tower was useful for purposes of a shelter of feudal and of course as a watching point.
The Tower’s peak is 22 meters, the thickness is below 2.10 meters and also 1.60 meters towards the top. Its inner yard is 28×25. The tower had been divided into 5 ranges from inside.
Now we will have lunch in one of the local restaurants.
After the lunch, we will visit
Qala Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum Complex.
You can see the petroglyphs demonstrated in the open-air museum. They are the ones found in the territory of Absheron. The oldest examples of them were described by the ways of engraving, scratching and chipping. The most of these petroglyphs are dating back to 3rd- 2nd millennium, B.C. The content and structure of images have great importance. Themes and topic of Absheron petroglyphs are different. General ideological views were presented by though these images. The stages of hunting, sacrificing humans, holy marriage, etc. were demonstrated on these images.
Our tour ends here for today.We will drop off you at your hotel.